For IDE hard drives, configuration involves changing the jumpers so that the new drive will be recognized correctly. The standard jumper options that may be used consist of MASTER, SLAVE and CABLE SELECT. In any dual drive IDE setup, one drive will always be the Master, while the other takes the role of Slave.

The CABLE SELECT option is the easiest, since adding new drives may not require a change to the jumpers on the existing hard drive. The IDE cable itself determines the drive duty, with the end connector (black) being the Master and the middle connector (gray) is the Slave. Simply switch the connectors, or add in a new Slave drive and the upgrade will be automatically recognized by the system. Support for CABLE SELECT is a function of the motherboard and chipset, so please consult your documentation to confirm support.

The MASTER/SLAVE jumper configurations may also be used, and these work best for older hard drives and motherboards that do not support the CABLE SELECT configuration. The primary drive should have the jumpers set to MASTER and the secondary drive set to SLAVE. The cable orientation has no effect on drive configuration, and using this MASTER/SLAVE format automatically disables the CABLE SELECT jumper setting.

Certain models of ATA hard drives, especially older ones, may not have a CABLE SELECT option or support, and can also include the extraneous MASTER WITH SLAVE PRESENT (or similar) selection. When adding a new Slave hard drive under this scenario, then the Master drive must be adjusted to the MASTER WITH SLAVE PRESENT setting.

While all of these different options may be used, it can be easier and quicker just to take a cue from the existing drive configuration. If it uses CABLE SELECT, then configure the new drive appropriately, and the same goes for an existing MASTER/SLAVE jumper setting. By following the current drive configuration, there should be no questions regarding motherboard support or other potential compatibility issues.

Installing the hard drive involves finding an open 3.5” bay, then attaching the drive using four screws. Just slide the drive in firmly, keeping an eye out for possible obstructions. Most cases provide metal ridges for each of the drive bays, which will provide initial support for the device. Look for these ridges before installation, and if they are not present, be careful that the drive does not inadvertently drop and sustain damage. Since most new hard drives can get quite hot, try and leave at least one open space between the drive and any other internal component. If there are no open 3.5” drive bays, you can also purchase an adapter to use in one of the upper 5.25” bays.

It is also important to use the correct screws when installing a hard drive. Forcing in larger screws can actually damage the drive's outer casing and longer ones can put pressure on the internal components. Due to these issues, most hard drives ship with the appropriate screws included. Alternatively, these can be purchased in any PC shop. When tightening the four mounting screws, do not exert too much force. Remember that these screws are primarily for lateral support and should only be turned until resistance is felt.